Exam Topics

Real Estate Exam Topics

Core subjects tested on every state exam. Each topic includes detailed explanations, state-specific notes, and practice questions to build your knowledge.

11–15% of exam

Property Ownership & Land Use

Types of property ownership, estates and interests, concurrent ownership, easements, and government controls over land use.

Types of OwnershipLand Use ControlsEstates and InterestsEncumbrances and EasementsZoning and Land Use Regulations
10–13% of exam

Laws of Agency

Agency relationships, fiduciary duties, types of representation, and disclosure requirements in real estate transactions.

Agency RelationshipsDisclosure and LiabilityTypes of AgencyFiduciary DutiesTermination of Agency
10–11% of exam

Valuation & Market Analysis

Property valuation methods, the three approaches to value, comparative market analysis, and factors that influence property prices.

Approaches to ValueMarket Analysis and AppraisalComparative Market AnalysisFactors Affecting ValueAppraisal Process and StandardsIncome Approach Calculations
10–13% of exam

Financing

Mortgage types, lending regulations, loan qualification, closing costs, and the financing process for real estate transactions.

Mortgage FundamentalsLending RegulationsLoan Types and ProgramsClosing Costs and SettlementBorrower Qualification
9–12% of exam

Contracts

Contract formation, validity, performance, breach, and remedies as tested on real estate licensing exams across all states.

Formation and ValidityContract Performance and BreachOffer and AcceptanceContingencies and ConditionsRemedies for BreachDisclosures and Requirements
8–12% of exam

Transfer of Property

Deed types, title searches and insurance, recording procedures, closing processes, and transfer taxes in real property transactions.

Deeds and TitleClosing ProcessTypes of DeedsTitle Insurance and SearchesRecording and Settlement Procedures
7–10% of exam

Real Estate Math

Commission splits, loan-to-value ratios, property tax computations, prorations, capitalization rates, and other essential calculations.

Core CalculationsInvestment AnalysisCommission and Proration CalculationsLoan Qualification and Debt RatiosArea and Volume Measurements
7–9% of exam

Fair Housing & Ethics

Federal and state fair housing laws, protected classes, prohibited practices, and ethical standards for real estate professionals.

Fair Housing LawProhibited PracticesProtected ClassesAccessibility and AccommodationsEthics and Professional Standards
3–6% of exam

Property Management

Landlord-tenant law, lease agreements, security deposits, eviction procedures, maintenance obligations, and management operations.

Lease Types and AgreementsSecurity Deposits and Tenant MoneyEviction and Lease TerminationProperty Manager Duties and LicensingMaintenance and Habitability
1–5% of exam

Taxation

Property taxes, assessment and appeals, homestead exemptions, capital gains, 1031 exchanges, and tax deductions for property owners.

Property TaxesIncome Tax and Real EstateAssessment and AppealsTransfer Taxes and Closing CostsSpecial Assessment Districts

Some states have additional state-specific topics. Visit your state page for details on requirements unique to your exam.

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